1. a device or mechanism that adjusts for or counteracts an unwanted effect, variation, or imbalance
Usage: commonly used in technical and engineering contexts
2. a person who compensates or makes amends for something
Usage: less common than the mechanical sense

Examples

• The engine uses a compensator to maintain steady fuel flow at different altitudes.
• A thermal compensator in the watch prevents time loss due to temperature changes.
• The hydraulic compensator automatically adjusts pressure in the system.
• Engineers installed a compensator to reduce vibration in the machinery.
• The optical compensator corrects for lens distortion in the camera.