1. in the same place; used in citations to refer to the same source mentioned immediately before
Usage: Latin origin; commonly abbreviated as 'ibid.'; used primarily in academic writing and footnotes

Examples

• The study found significant results (Smith, 2020, p. 45). Ibidem also notes similar patterns in earlier research.
• According to the report, climate change affects coastal regions. Ibidem discusses the economic impact on fishing communities.
• In academic papers, when you cite the same source twice in a row, you can use 'ibidem' instead of repeating the full citation.
• The author states that education improves outcomes (Johnson, 2019). Ibidem emphasizes the role of teacher training.
• Researchers found three key factors. Ibidem suggests these factors interact in complex ways.