1. the same; used in citations and references to avoid repeating a name or title already mentioned
Usage: formal; chiefly used in academic and legal writing; often abbreviated as 'id.' in footnotes

1. the same person or thing
Usage: Latin origin; formal and archaic in modern English

Examples

• Smith argues for reform; Jones, idem, suggests similar changes.
• The statute was amended in 1995; idem in 2003.
• See Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954); idem, 349 U.S. 294 (1955).
• The first edition was published in London; idem, the second edition.
• Multiple scholars have reached the same conclusion; idem applies to recent studies.