1. Plural of kolkhoz; collective farms in the Soviet Union, typically state-controlled agricultural cooperatives where land and equipment were shared among members.
Usage: historical; often capitalized when referring to specific Soviet institutions

Examples

• The Soviet government organized rural workers into kolkhoses during the 1930s.
• Kolkhoses were designed to increase agricultural productivity through collective labor.
• Many peasants were forced to join kolkhoses as part of Stalin's agricultural reforms.
• The kolkhoses operated under strict state supervision and quotas.
• By the 1950s, kolkhoses had become the dominant form of agriculture in the Soviet Union.