1. the state of being at right angles; perpendicularity
Usage: mathematics; geometry
2. the property of being independent or unrelated
Usage: technical; statistics

Examples

• The orthogonality of the two lines was confirmed by measuring the 90-degree angle.
• In geometry, orthogonality is a fundamental concept for understanding perpendicular relationships.
• The researcher tested the orthogonality of the variables to ensure they were independent.
• The orthogonality of the coordinate axes makes calculations much simpler.
• Statistical analysis requires checking the orthogonality of factors to avoid confounding.
• The engineer verified the orthogonality of the structural beams before construction.